Why Do My Gums Bleed? Causes, Concerns & What To Do

If you notice blood when brushing or flossing, you're not alone. Bleeding gums are one of the most common oral health concerns, but they're also one of the most important signs that something needs attention.

Why Do Gums Bleed?

The most common cause of bleeding gums is gum disease, also known as periodontal disease. It begins with gingivitis - inflammation of the gums caused by plaque buildup along the gum line. When plaque isn't removed effectively through brushing and flossing, bacteria irritate the gum tissue, causing it to become red, swollen, and prone to bleeding.

Common Causes of Bleeding Gums

• Gingivitis – The earliest stage of gum disease, usually reversible with improved oral hygiene.
• Periodontitis – Advanced gum disease that affects the bone and tissues supporting teeth.
• Brushing too hard – Aggressive brushing or using a hard-bristled toothbrush can damage delicate gum tissue.
• New flossing routine – Gums may bleed initially when you start flossing regularly, but this typically improves within a week or two.
• Medications – Blood thinners and some other medications can make gums more likely to bleed.
• Hormonal changes – Pregnancy, menstruation, and menopause can affect gum health.
• Vitamin deficiencies – Lack of vitamin C or vitamin K can contribute to gum problems.

When to Be Concerned

While occasional minor bleeding when flossing may not be serious, you should see a dentist if:

• Bleeding occurs regularly during brushing
• Gums are persistently red, swollen, or tender
• You notice persistent bad breath
• Gums are receding or pulling away from teeth
• Teeth feel loose or are shifting position
• Bleeding is heavy or doesn't stop

What You Can Do at Home

• Brush gently twice daily – Use a soft-bristled brush at a 45-degree angle to the gum line.
• Floss or use interdental brushes daily – Cleaning between teeth removes plaque where your toothbrush can't reach.
• Consider an electric toothbrush – They're often more effective at removing plaque and gentler on gums.
• Don't skip dental appointments – Regular professional cleaning removes tartar that brushing alone cannot.
• Quit smoking – Smoking significantly increases gum disease risk and masks symptoms.

Professional Treatment

If you have gum disease, professional treatment can help reverse or manage it. Early-stage gingivitis often responds well to professional cleaning and improved home care. More advanced periodontitis may require deep cleaning (scaling and root planing) to remove bacteria below the gum line.

The Bottom Line

Bleeding gums are your body's way of telling you something needs attention. Don't ignore them. With proper care at home and regular dental visits, most gum problems can be prevented or successfully treated. The earlier you address bleeding gums, the better the outcome for your long-term oral health.